Non-surgical management of periodontal disease exacerbated by herpes virus: A case report

• Author Details:   
• Zubeida Haleem ^*
• Shivanand Aspalli
• Nagappa Guttiganur
• Narayana Geethika

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Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the supporting structures of the teeth, primarily driven by bacterial pathogens and host immune responses. However, recent evidence suggests that viral infections, particularly Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV), may play a significant role in the pathogenesis and progression of periodontal disease. HSV, a neurotropic virus with lifelong latency, is known to modulate immune responses and contribute to tissue destruction in various oral conditions.

HSV-1, the predominant strain affecting the oral cavity, has been detected in periodontal pockets and is associated with increased inflammation, immune dysregulation, and enhanced bacterial virulence. The virus is thought to exacerbate periodontal disease through mechanisms such as cytokine upregulation, apoptosis of host cells, and interactions with periodontal pathogens. Furthermore, HSV has been linked to aggressive and necrotizing periodontal diseases, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.

Understanding the relationship between HSV and periodontal disease is crucial for improving treatment strategies. Investigating viral contributions to periodontal pathology may open new avenues for targeted antiviral therapies alongside conventional periodontal treatment. This case report highlights the relationship between HSV and periodontitis, emphasizing the importance of non-surgical management approaches in treating periodontal conditions exacerbated by the virus.

Keywords: Herpes simplex virus, Periodontal diseases, Gingival enlargement