Evolving Interfaces: A Comprehensive Review of Implant-Abutment Connections

• Nikita Narendra Valvi,*  
• Dr.Smita Khalikar,  
• Dr.Kishor Mahale,  
• Dr.Vilas Rajguru,  
• Dr. Sonali Mahajan,  
• Dr.Ulhas Tandale

Abstract

Studying the implant-abutment connection is crucial as it primarily determines the strength and stability of an implant-supported restoration, which, in turn, affects the prosthetic stability. Traditionally, Brånemark's external hexagon has been used, but significant complications, such as abutment screw loosening, rotational misfit at the implant-abutment interface, and microbial penetration, have led to modifications of the external hexagon and the development of internal implant-abutment connections. This review outlines the evolution of various implant-abutment connections from the traditional external hexagon.

Keywords

Implant–abutment interface, external hexagon, internal hexagon, spline dental implant, morse taper implant.